Case study on Xeroxs downfall - Analysis and remedies

Case study on Xeroxs downfall - Analysis and remedies Xerox Corporation, founded in 1906, is engaged in the document management business, offering an array of document products, services, and solutions. Being an icon of innovation for years (research carried out at Palo Alto Research Center) and a leader in the copier market, Xerox experienced decades of success. However, things drastically changed from the year 2000. Xerox's share price had fallen below $4, from a high of $64 a year earlier. Moreover, the copying and printing giants around the world (especially the Japanese companies) were taking chunks of its market share.What caused the downfall of Xerox?The downfall of Xerox is a result of technological change and management failure. The rapid change of the technology sector makes most of the technological companies suffer. However, the biggest problem of Xerox is internal. The failure includes all of the following: failure of protecting market share from competition; having been lagged in developing products with digital technology ; board irresponsibility; traumatic sales-force reorganization; inefficient service-force reorganization; serious financial problems such as heavy short term debts, built up working capital and accumulated account receivables; ineffective transition from selling high-tech products to selling high-tech solutions and services which resulted in losing the direction of the company.XeroxWhy did management problems arise at Xerox?There are many reasons: Lack of trust in CEO and dislike for CEO. Half-way measures, failure to commercialize innovations. To sum it up the problems are due to lack of proper leadership, cooperation and trust.How would you characterize Xerox's managers' approach to planning, organizing, leading, and controlling over time?In my opinion, Planning was good until the invention of ink-jet technology by HP. The company was also making profits and was doing well in the 'office and copying industry" until the managers at Xerox failed at planning by underestimating...

Essay on Education Indigenous PaperEssay Writing Service

Essay on Education Indigenous PaperEssay Writing Service Essay on Education Indigenous Paper Essay on Education Indigenous PaperThe position of indigenous people in Australia was historically inferior compared to European colonists and their descendants, who have comprised the mainstream part of Australian nation, because they have got the dominant position in Australian society. White Australians ripped off all the profits of the fast economic progress of Australia by getting access to education, better job opportunities, health care services, and other benefits brought by economic and technological progress of Australia, whereas indigenous Australians remained inferior to them and could not stand on the equal ground compared to the whites. Today, they are still in the worse position compared to the whites because they have the limited access to education, while the equal access to education could have provided indigenous Australians with better job and socioeconomic opportunities.Invasion and colonial frontier  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   European colonists arriving to Australia had a priori biased and prejudiced attitude toward the indigenous population of Australia because of their experience of contacts with other civilizations of ‘savages’, whom they treated as being absolutely inferior to themselves. Violent confrontations were a feature of the ‘frontier’ as it moved across the continent. In Tasmania, the ‘Black War’ continued for over a decade and martial law was declared from 1828-1832 (Ryan, 2012). However, the biased attitude toward indigenous Australians persisted for decades and centuries. Colonists disregarded rights of the indigenous population and established the social order that matched their interests. In such a situation, they developed their own system of education, where there was no room for indigenous Australians.Protection and segregation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   White Asutralians, who held the dominant position in society viewed the indigenous population as a ‘dying race’. Such racial Darwinism laid the foundation to the policy of the state intervention into policies determining the life of the indigenous people that led to their segregation. In such a situation, even the protection of the indigenous people led to their further segregation because they were protected within their communities but they still remained unprotected in face of social biases and stereotypes.From the turn of the century governments around Australia adopted the policy of protection which enshrined contradictory but intersecting sets of philanthropic, ameliorative, punitive and even genocidal rationales, and which resulted in a convenient double speak of stated humanitarian concern and agendas of segregation, assimilation, genocide and profound neglect. This mix seemed to enable everyone, from city humanitarian to brutal frontiersman, to feel comfortable with their stance and convinced that right was being done (Haebich 143). Moreover, they were absolutely unable to compete with white Australians in the labor market because they had neither education, nor skills, nor abilities, nor resources to challenge the position of the whites. Instead, they could count on low- or semi-qualified jobs that determined their low socioeconomic standing in Australia.Assimilation and the Stolen Generations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Stolen Generations became indigenous people taken from their families in terms of government and missionary programs, which resulted in their forced removal from their families. The noble goal of their ‘civilization’ resulted in their loss as a generation of indigenous people, living within their society and communities. At the same time, stealing indigenous children was an integral part of the life of society since the time of colonization. Some colonists wanted to see whether Indigenous people could be ‘civilized’ and in the process the gained children who also wor ked for them as domestic servants. Explorers valued the knowledge of country that even very small Indigenous children possessed (Reynolds, 1990, p. 165).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Stolen Generations history was an attempt to ‘civilize’ the indigenous population but, as the matter of fact, this attempt has brought little positive effects because the Stolen Generations were rather forcefully assimilated in the white mainstream culture and society by losing their indigenous identity pointblank. On the other hand, this policy did not create better educational or employment opportunities for indigenous people of Australia. Instead, those, who were left aside, remained disintegrated and still had limited access to education and, therefore, had a few opportunities to succeed in the mainstream society. In such a way, the education system remained enclosed and indigenous Australians did not have an opportunity to have the equal access to education.Education System of Australia and Indigenous People  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The historical discrimination of indigenous people in terms of their access to education resulted in the disadvantaged position of indigenous Australians and their limited access to education. For example, at the moment, only one-quarter (25%) of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 15 years and over reported Year 12 or equivalent as the highest year of school completed, compared with about half (52%) of non-Indigenous people (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2012). In such a way, education remains to be a privilege for the whites, whereas indigenous Australians do not have access to education. In this regard, there are objective reasons, such as the location of indigenous communities in remote areas, and subjective reasons, such as biased and prejudiced attitude toward indigenous population. The recent efforts of Australian government aimed at the elimination of inequality in the acc ess to education for all Australians, but the gap between white and indigenous Australians persists.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, the discrimination of indigenous population of Australia was the historical trend that determined the currently disadvantageous position of indigenous Australians in different fields, such as education. The discrimination since the time of colonization, the segregation and persisting inequality resulted in the inferior position of indigenous Australians compared to the whites. In this regard, education is the field, where barriers between white and indigenous Australians are still wide and the government should enhance its efforts to close the gaps.

Supplier Selection and Business Process Improvement Essay

Supplier Selection and Business Process Improvement - Essay Example This learn looks at the victory that TOFAS-FIAT Corporation has had in running supply chain in Turkey (Bashein, B. J., 2004, 7-13). In a globe where products are copied roughly as soon as they are introduced into the marketplace, building and supporting competitive advantage is a major anxiety for today's CEOs. For this reason, there is a strong link among how firms manage their people and the economic results achieved. Results from studies of five year endurance rates of initial public offerings; studies of productivity and stock price in large samples of companies from manifold industries; and detailed research on automobile, clothing, and other industries shows that considerable gains of approximately 40% can be obtained by implementing high performance management practices. a further purpose of this paper is to gain imminent into supply chain capability and the factors that enhance its development. If members of a supply chain are to thrive jointly they must acknowledge that a learning environment improves the overall effectiveness of the supply chain as well as the abilities of the individual members (Stump , R. L., 2001, 29-48). One important management practice for many companies is the relationship that they have with their suppliers. Supply chain partnerships are relationships between two or more independent entities in a supply chain to achieve specific objectives. Basically, these partnerships are generally created to increase the financial and operational performance of each channel. These objectives are accomplished throug

ASSIGNMENT 3 ANALYSING A PROBLEM AND SUGGESTING COMPLEX SOLUTIONS Essay

ASSIGNMENT 3 ANALYSING A PROBLEM AND SUGGESTING COMPLEX SOLUTIONS (CORBY PROJECT REPORT) - Essay Example Corby community consists of Lincoln way and kingwood estates. A Corby study carried out on the community aimed at identifying issues affecting the social development. These issues were identifiable using various techniques all discussed critically in the report. However, the main mode of data collection was interviewing. For example, Chelsea an MI client who lives in Lincoln way estate remained interviewed together with other members of the community. Appropriate interventions are also discussed and a justification for their implementation given. The assessment of real needs in the Lincoln way and Kingwood community in Corby remained carried out using various investigatory techniques. It is only through needs assessment that a community’s needs are addressed (Brett, 2012, p. 143). The techniques used in Corby case study aimed at identifying problems facing Lincoln way and kingwood community. They also provided facts and data to help in making of correct decisions and acquire feedback on community’s preferences and priorities. From the investigations, the study establishes interventions in response to social development situation in the community. This technique involves collecting and assessing information of interest (Israel, 2008, p. 49). It is carried out in an organized manner to enable easy answering of questions in relation to needs assessed. Research helps in testing proposition, evaluate results and establish necessary interventions towards the needs. In Corby case study, use of this technique enabled collection of data about social development issues affecting the community and its environs. From these data, the researchers of the case study made decisions on what is required as a remedy to the need in social development. Structured surveys in the Corby case study occured in three major ways including telephone, face to face and questionnaires. Through the survey, need gap in social development department in

Beer Wars Movie Analysis Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Beer Wars Movie Analysis Paper - Assignment Example This text seeks to compare and contrast the strategy and experiences of the two entrepreneurs in the movie. The two entrepreneurs have different experiences with respect to how they do business in the beer industry. Rhonda is faced with a number of challenges as a small-scale beer brewer. Case in point is that companies that have a higher market portfolio hamper their chances of doing business as appropriate. Unlike Calagione, Rhonda does not enjoy the monopoly that big companies enjoy in the beer industry (Baron np). Consequently, there are a number of cartels that define how the market is run to the extent that small businesses face challenges of performance. The bigger companies in the beer industry frustrate Rhonda’s company by introducing products that may be similar effectively overshadowing the small size entities. Calagione, on the other hand, is one of the entrepreneurs that enjoy an immense dominance in the market to the extent that there are a few challenges that affect their businesses. The law is inherently biased in the sense that it does not protect the small sized companies, but works in favor of the bigger ones. Compared to Calagione, Rhonda is faced with a number of legal challenges to the extent that if an issue of law arises, the small company is disenfranchised significantly in terms of doing business. Such tendencies do not provide a fair playing ground for the competitors in the market. Beer wars are fought on a number of fronts, and there are various sophisticated institutions that are employed to frustrate the wellbeing of smaller entities (Baron np). There is a difference in the strategies that the two entrepreneurs employ in the production of beer. While Calagione employs the use traditional means of beer production, Rhonda employs modern and innovative means of making beer. The fact that Rhonda employs a new style of beer production is the point of conflict in the industry

Continuities and changes of religion in Sub-saharan Africa Essay Example for Free

Continuities and changes of religion in Sub-saharan Africa Essay Sub-saharan Africa has undergone changes with religion such as the changing of religious affiliation to Christianity and the practices of cosmology and ontology, however, Sub-saharan Africa has also remained constant with their thoughts being focused on various beliefs like a creator and evil. Christianity was predominantly the main religion in Sub-saharan Africa opposed to the Muslims of North Africa. Christianity in the Americas slowly began to send out missionaries to spread the Gospel and build churches in Africa. The people began to form their daily lives and rituals accordingly and the population of Christians rose from about 9% to around 63% over the years from the 1900s to modern day. Missions in Africa is most definitely something that Christians in other part of the world have focused on. It seems to be a more targeted area for its other religious practices such as cosmology and ontology. Cosmology and Ontology are more philosophical beliefs in nature, evolution, and the way the world works. In Africa, many small tribes are closed off from communication outside of their tribe, and have practiced certain beliefs for hundreds of years. This belief system tends to lean towards the more relaxed religion and allows freedom for the people in those tribes to do what they want as long as it is parallel to what is right in nature. Everything in this philosophical study is that of nature. Nature is considered holy and worthy of worship. Cosmology and Ontology are how Sub-Saharan Africans attempted to explain our complex world in the simplest way possible that makes sense to them. There were also other beliefs that Sub-saharan Africans developed over time such as the belief in evil beings and eternal paradise. Sub-saharan Africans soon realized that there needed to be some kind of an explanation for what happens when you die, or what evil is. These details did not necessarily help form a new religion, but rather simply added on top of the religions already in place in the Sub-saharan region. In the Niger-congo area, there was a common belief in spirits, a creator of the universe rather than evolution. In other areas, there was the belief in the worship and idolization of ones personal gods whom they gave thanks to and credited much of their life to. These tribes lived their lives to please their gods in order to win favor and win a long and prosperous life. This is also something that was seen in Ancient Greece where Greek Mythology and the worship of gods took place. These people too, lived to please the gods to live a good life. In conclusion, Sub-saharan African has undergone changes in religion such as Christianity and Cosmology, but there was also factors that remained constant throughout the existence of Sub-saharan Africa such as little tribes who believe in pleasing personal gods.

Managing The Human Capital Commerce Essay

Managing The Human Capital Commerce Essay Human Resource Management (HRM) is one of the most important strategies in organisations. HRM practices and policies is taking shape and affecting the employees experiences in organization. It also provides relationship between employees and employer. According to, Turner, Keegan Hueman , if the company wants to be effective and successful, HRM functions has to be integrated into the various organisational strategy. (Turner, Keegan Hueman 2006,317).  According to this model, HRM functions its goals and aims, need to be aligned with the strategy of the organization.   Today, human resource policy on organisation performance research has changed from micro to more general, strategic macro level. It was used to set of policies designed to maximize organizational integration, employee commitment, flexibility and quality of work.   This essay will aims to how strategic goals of HRM helps to organizations and how improve the company performance. Human resource management is relevant with planning, recruitment, training, motivation etc in an organization. The first aim of HRM is developing people through work and also managing employees or human resources. HRM check the employees side of company. In addition this it control benefits of people, career development, training and more functions. It is known that HRM do interview and explain company benefits by people at recent times bur roles of HRM is much bigger than only interview and company benefits. They bring many benefits to the company. Example1; There is a company in Shanghai called Portman. It was not such a good hotel just a few years ago. It was realized that costumer and employees satisfaction rate % 70-80 The Ritz-Carlton Company has been took over the hotel recently and new general manager Mark Decocinst set out to make new property for the hotel. That strategy has improved dramatically to costumer rate. The hotel is being called Best Employer in Asia at the moment and %98 employees satisfaction. C:Documents and SettingssamsungDesktopMHR assigmentaa.jpg Figure1 http://www.auhy69.dsl.pipex.com/images/b202/human%20resource%20cycle.jpg HRM explain that they have got five function all employees and managers perform; Planning, leading, staffing, organizing and controlling. HRM is very important for all the managers. For example, if you want to hire right person as a manager for the job or do not want to waste your time unless with a interview, HRM strategy will important for the manager. STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Strategic human resource means basically, executing and formulating HR policies. It makes strategic human resource plan like which knowledge or skills the employees should have, how to recruit, training, text etc. SHRM want to keep employees who can help to company or who have useful skills for the company. HRs purpose is to guide Human Resource Management and practise programs. Strategies provide vision for next term and how to vision should be realized in the organization. There are many types HR strategies however two of them are being identified. First one is overarching strategies and the second one is specific strategies. Example2; The Ritz Carlton and Signcasts human resource managers are involved in partnering with their top manager in both design and executing their companies strategies. (Desseler 2008) Example3; Facing rising pressures from classic grocers and from online firm, Albertons with 23,000 employees and 2,500 food stares had to improve their performance. The companys basic strategy maximizing get back product on invested capital and focus to costumer provide to growth. In addition this company also aim to employing technology and energizing associates Albersons management relied on their HR manager to help the company active its strategic goals. It was helped to company with training, pay and other HR politics. (Desseler, 2008) Job Analysis Job analysis makes that which kind of employee should keep or hire for the job. It organises that human behaviours, performance standards, work activities, human recruitment or job context. For example; work activates information is being collected such as buying, selling, transporting etc. C:Documents and SettingssamsungDesktopMHR assigmentjon analysis.jpg Figure 2 http://www.ppbafrica.com/images/ppbstrategy.jpg Example 4 ; Mercedes Benz was assembled organization in Arkansas and managers confused. They could not give a job, training or pay the company employees unless they knew that what staff expectation was. They needed a job description for each employee however in this organization their duties and jobs could change every day. Unfortunately, they could manage to do job analysis but they could not implement. There are many advantages of job analysis on the company. First off all, it provides that what skills are required to this activity. Secondly, Job description helps requisite skills and training. (Desseler, 2008) Recruitment and Selection Process Recruitment basically selects an employee for the company. When the department of the company select a person, they try to choose a high quality person with low coast. First off all, they decided to what position needs an employee secondly, recruitment build a pool for the people who apply the job and then candidates fill application forms. After those steps the department implement physical exams and test for the candidates and finally they decided that who is going to offer for the job position to supervisor or manager. C:Documents and SettingssamsungDesktopMHR assigmentrec f.jpg Figure 3 http://www.magautarecruitment.co.za/images/recruitment%20process.jpg Example 5; The Cheesecake Factory has opened 110 restaurant and it adds 20 chain each year. The company interviews 24,000 people per year. It is too much recruits for the company. Manager of the company says that one interview is not enough to choose right person and it makes huge amount money and big time too. Because of that reasons it was established a recruitment department in the company. (Desseler, 2008) The recruitment process starts with employment planning. It is decide to which position in the firm is going to be filled and how it is going to do. That has to follow the organizations plans. Example6; JPS Unihase decided to expand. It was known that number of employees have to increase from 140 to 750. They had to do a plan about who are going hire as employees and when the plan will be put in to plans. (Desseler, 2008) Example7; British Airways included self-assessment, application forms, testing, group selection centres, and interview. 2.3 Training Training improves employees knowledge, skill and attitude. Employees who have more knowledge give the company get higher performance from the staff. As a first step the company identify that which type of training need to give its worker. Second step should decided to training program like; activities, workshop or exercise. The next step can be validation the steps. There are many training types are being using. The company should decided which they need and should choose the best one. The training can be given to new employees and exist staff too. If the training is giving new staff it aims to teach the job to new people. If the training giving exist employees it teach new technology or new events for the company. Example7; Samsung Company provides its employees many courses to learn and develop staff ability knowledge and skills. The company gives the staff opportunities to go oversee to learn more. For example centre of design go to outside of the county or can get to work famous people. In addition this manager of Samsung led launched a design revolution; IBM designer was invited from the USA to design company designers by the manager. 370 designers in the design centre and the company gives them a change to go the best schools which gives design education in the USA. With the developing technology many companies use online training nowadays. For example, Saba.com offers web-training course for its staff. Example8; Honda decided to build a new company in Alabama and it had to provide thousand employees. 18,000 people applied the job. The employment agency screened and eliminated. About 340 have stated to get training and finally some of them graduated from the training. Honda teams interview the candidates, looked at the training scores and decided to who can get the job. And then they were performed drug test and finally they were get 3 days orientation. It was quite long procedure but Honda want to get the best ones for the job. (Desseler, 2008) 2.4 Motivation: Probably almost everybody need some intelligence, knowledge base, study skills, and time management skills, but if someone does not have motivation, he or she wont get far. For example; you have a car with a full tank of gas, a well-tuned engine, good set of tires, quadraphonic CD system, and a sleek, polished exterior. There it sits. This car has incredible potential. However, until a driver sits behind the wheel, puts the key in the ignition, and cranks it up, the car doesnt function. You guessed it; the key is motivation. Interest is an important motivator for a student. So is a desire to learn. When you link these two things together, you create success. Often success in an endeavour leads to more interest and a greater desire to learn, creating an upward spiral of motivation toward a goal you have established.(www.d.umn.edu) 2.5Knowledge Management Knowledge management is any process or practise or creating, acquiring, capturing, sharing and using knowledge, wherever it resides, to enhance learing and performance in organization (Armstrong,2006) INNOVATION AND HUMAN RESOURCE Innovation in human resource brings many benefits to company. Example9; Dell computer company created a HR call centres. It is being answered all the questions which comes from employees. Dell computer also prove to their employees self service personal transaction like, chancing benefits all location. Many companies try to use innovation their business such as computer or internet to get high performance and improving HR. Technology innovation also makes many think easier for example, it is so easy to reach all employees information or all staff salary, when they are going to holiday, all about employees.    Example10; IBM employed 350,000 people and they spreads around the world in many locations. They need to give induction for all new employees. The company ensure the people understand key of the system and processes. It was needed a way which provide reducing cost of faced induction. An online technology was created for the induction. it was invested $100 million. It is IBMs online innovation. http://member.edentree.co.uk/tree/resources/recruitment-and-induction/examples-of-recruitment-and-induction-in-practice/theory/good-practice-examples/welcome-stranger-online-induction-at-ibm.gp ORGANIZATIONAL CULTERE Culture is the important in an organization according to Andrzej H. David B. When you walk into hotel, a bank, a night club, or a company your first impressions tells you about the organization that you have just entered how friendly will it be? How expansive it will be? What kind of behaviour its expected This theory tells that very basic thing is the culture of the organization. An organization can be know with the culture if a company have good reputation then everybody know that company. Organizational culture is a set of shard assumptions, values and behaviours that characterize the functioning of and organization. Organizational Culture depend strongly rules, super visions and control on the employee. If a organization have good rules and have good control on employees then the organization will be best with reputation. Example11; The culture of a large, for-profit corporation is quite different than that of a hospital which is quite different than that of a university. It can be told that the culture of an organization by looking at the arrangement of furniture, what they brag about, what members wear, etc. similar to what you can use to get a feeling about someones personality. According to Wendell L. F.(1998 page 111) A work group is a number of persons, usually reporting to a common superior and having some face to face interaction, who have some degree of interdependence in carrying out tasks for the purpose of the achieving organizational goals. Organizations which have good teams and have good group of employers then the organizations outcome will the highest. A team or a group of employees can work more efficiently than the individuals. Organization can have big projects and a group can distribute the work and perform their duty with full attention and with full devotion and if there is some laziness in some employees that can be overcome in others works so groups work is best in organization. At this era of life, world is a global village the business in not so much small and there a numerous organizations which have different departments. If all the departments work together and coordinate with each other then the result will the most excellent. An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the organization finest Example11;McDonalds were expanding restaurants in India, when closing selected stores in the UK. The plan to change packaging, and uniform it will affect the culture of the organisation. McDonalds were diversifying, Mc Kids, and toys too. It is the HRM policies that will ensure a smooth changing. The major concern is the cultural change; HRM must ensure that staffs are involved in the changes allowing them to buy into the plans. The extension plans should run efficiently as all the policies and legislation should already be in place. The investment in Mc Kids could prove difficult for HRM, because they are dealing with a separate market. The current policies in place cover a wide range of issues, which are sufficient for Mc Donalds strategic plans. FLEXIBILITY ANA HRM Flexibility